Protecting Your Family: Understanding the Risks of Chlorine and PFAS in North Carolina Tap Water

Clean water is essential for every household, yet many families in North Carolina face hidden risks from substances in their tap water. Two of the most concerning contaminants are chlorine and PFAS, often called "forever chemicals." These substances can affect health in subtle but significant ways. Knowing what they are, how they enter your water, and what you can do to protect your family is crucial.

Tap water flowing from kitchen faucet in North Carolina home

What Is Chlorine and Why Is It in Tap Water?

Chlorine is a chemical added to public water supplies to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms. It has been used for decades because it effectively prevents waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid. In North Carolina, municipal water systems commonly use chlorine or chloramine (a related compound) to keep water safe as it travels through pipes.

While chlorine helps reduce immediate health risks from microbes, it can react with organic matter in water to form byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs). These byproducts have been linked to long-term health concerns, including an increased risk of cancer and reproductive issues.

How Chlorine Affects Your Family’s Health

• Skin and Eye Irritation: Bathing or showering in chlorinated water can cause dryness and irritation.

• Respiratory Issues: Inhaling chlorine vapors during hot showers may worsen asthma or other lung conditions.

• Potential Long-Term Risks: Studies suggest that long-term exposure to chlorine byproducts might increase cancer risk, though more research is needed.

  
  

What Are PFAS and Why Are They Called Forever Chemicals?

PFAS stands for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a group of man-made chemicals used in products like non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foams. These chemicals do not break down easily in the environment, earning the nickname "forever chemicals."

In North Carolina, PFAS contamination has been detected in some water supplies, often near military bases, airports, or industrial sites where firefighting foam was used. PFAS can enter tap water through groundwater or surface water contamination.

Health Concerns Linked to PFAS Exposure

Research has connected PFAS exposure to several health problems, including:

• Immune System Effects: Reduced vaccine response and increased risk of infections.

• Hormonal Disruption: Changes in thyroid hormone levels.

• Increased Cholesterol: Elevated blood cholesterol levels.

• Cancer Risk: Some PFAS types are linked to kidney and testicular cancer.

• Developmental Issues: Effects on fetal growth and child development.

  
  

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set health advisories for PFAS in drinking water, but many water systems still struggle to meet these guidelines.

Why North Carolina Families Should Pay Attention

North Carolina’s diverse geography and industrial history mean that water quality varies widely. Some communities face higher risks of PFAS contamination, especially near military installations like Fort Bragg or industrial areas. Chlorine use is widespread, so nearly all residents are exposed to some level of chlorine and its byproducts.

Families with young children, pregnant women, or individuals with compromised immune systems should be especially cautious. These groups are more vulnerable to the effects of contaminants in water.

How to Test Your Tap Water for Chlorine and PFAS

Testing your water is the first step to understanding what’s in it. Here’s how to get started:

• Contact Your Water Supplier: Request the latest water quality report. This report includes chlorine levels and may mention PFAS testing.

• Use Certified Testing Kits: Some labs offer tests specifically for PFAS and chlorine byproducts. Look for EPA-certified labs.

• Consider Private Testing: If you use a private well, testing is essential since these sources are not regulated.

  
  

Testing helps identify if your water exceeds recommended safety levels and guides your next steps.

Practical Ways to Reduce Chlorine and PFAS in Your Home Water

Several treatment options can reduce chlorine and PFAS levels in tap water:

• Activated Carbon Filters: These filters, available as pitchers, faucet attachments, or whole-house systems, can remove chlorine taste and reduce some PFAS compounds.

• Reverse Osmosis Systems: These systems filter water through a membrane, effectively removing many contaminants, including PFAS and chlorine byproducts.

• Whole House Water Systems: Installing a system that treats all water entering your home ensures protection for drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundry.

• Let Water Sit: Allowing tap water to sit uncovered for 24 hours can reduce chlorine levels as it evaporates, but this does not affect PFAS.

  
  

Choosing the right system depends on your water quality, budget, and household needs.

Tips for Protecting Your Family’s Health Beyond Water Treatment

• Use Bottled or Filtered Water for Infant Formula: Babies are more sensitive to contaminants.

• Avoid Hot Showers with High Chlorine: Use cooler water or install shower filters.

• Stay Informed: Follow local water quality updates and advisories.

• Advocate for Safer Water: Support policies and programs aimed at reducing PFAS pollution and improving water treatment.

  
  

What North Carolina Is Doing About These Contaminants

State agencies have increased monitoring of PFAS and chlorine byproducts in public water systems. Some communities have started upgrading treatment plants to reduce these chemicals. The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) provides resources and guidance for residents concerned about water quality.

Still, challenges remain. Funding and technology limits slow progress, and private wells remain unregulated. Public awareness and action are key to improving water safety.